White Papers

VFD Minimum Speed Equation

A semi-mathematical, intuitive explanation for selecting the proper motor speed ratio to apply the Affinity Law formulas to.

VFD Equation

A somewhat more mathematical proof for the formula to determine the proper motor speed ratio to obtain accurate Affinity Law results.

Energy Myths & Magic: An Examination of Conservation Measures and Calculations

Some common Energy Conservation Measures sound good. But are they really?

Energy Myths & Magic II
A second paper delivered on this topic.  Contains the introductory elements of the first paper with different examples at the end.